Greensand Filters & applications

Greensand Filters & applications

Greensand filters are used in an entire range of water treatment applications to remove iron, manganese and hydrogen sulfide from the water. The filter is also used in industrial or commercial water treatment applications to remove radium, radioactive substances, arsenic, and radium.

High-quality Chemical Treatment water Filtration

In large flows such as with industrial water filtration, it is typically accomplished with chlorine and / or potassium permanganate, a strong oxidizer. Because the oxidation reaction required to convert the soluble material into solid particles, followed by successful filtration must be accomplished in 1-2 minutes of filter residence time, the water chemistry must be conducive to rapid reaction kinetics. Technical literature typically recommends pH in the 6.2 to 6.5 range. Our experience with waters in the SE US demonstrates pH 6.8 to be optimal. Alkalinity must be ≥ 120 ppm. These parameters can be adjusted by metering a dilute caustic and / or a soda ash solution into the water upstream of the filter to adjust pH and alkalinity, respectively. For iron alone, chlorine fed at a concentration of 1.0 to 1.2 times the iron should be adequate to oxidize the iron and “regenerate” the manganese greensand. Since excess chlorine is not deleterious to greensand filtration, it is possible to feed enough to provide adequate free chlorine residual in the filtered water sufficient for introducing into the clear well and pumping to service.

Greensand Media
Helps to Remove Iron by using

Help in Various Sectors

  • Industrial Water Treatment
  • Commercial Water Treatment
  • Pharmaceutical Water Treatment
  • Municipal Water Problems Solution

Catalytic Oxidation (CO):  At the same time in the water industry, we also refer to this as continuous operation. Before the Greensand filter, the catalytic oxidation operation involves feeding a strong oxidant directly into the raw water before feeding it to the raw water. It is Chlorine (Cl2) that uses the most common oxidant.

Helps to Remove Iron by using

Greensand Filters

Intermittent Regeneration (IR):In this manner, the greensand catalytic function occurs on the surface of the Greensand media. Once the greensand media has reached capacity it’s going to not be capable of take away dissolved iron. It’ll have turn out to be exhausted and require regeneration. This regeneration method is similar to that of a water softener. The largest distinction is the regenerate chemical this is used. The most common chemical used to regenerate Greensand media is potassium permanganate.

Something about

Greensand Plus...

The Greensand Plus is used to remove and filter manganese, soluble iron, hydrogen sulfide, radium from water. It is also used to remove and filter manganese, soluble iron, hydrogen sulfide, arsenic, and radium from water products. When the Greensand Plus media is coated with manganese dioxide, this coating provides the catalyst in the oxidation reaction of iron and manganese. This coating provides the catalyst in the oxidation reaction of iron and manganese.

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Disclaimer : The dawnsci.com blogs and everything published on it is provided as an information resource only. The blog, its authors and affiliates accept no responsibility for any accident, injury or damage caused in part or directly from following the information provided on this website. We do not recommend using any chemical without first consulting the Material Safety Data Sheet which can be obtained from the manufacturer and following the safety advice and precautions on the product label. If you are in any doubt about health and safety issues, please consult the Health & Safety Executive (HSE).

Potassium Permanganate

Potassium Permanganate-for Food

The composition of the potassium permanganate, also used as Condy’s crystals, is composed by two elements: one was potash, and another was permanganate. Potassium permanganate is an odorless solid with no aroma, and they look like dark bronze or brown color crystals.

Potassium permanganate is a purple-colored crystalline salt that has important household & various industrial applications.

When we dissolve the crystals in water, it becomes purple in color. The potassium permanganate is able to oxidize many substances, so it has been popularly used as an oxidizing agent, a substance that accepts or receives electrons from other substances.

High-quality raw materials Purplish-black crystalline salt

Potassium permanganate is a versatile purple coloured chemical compound. It is a potassium salt of manganic acid. Also known as the permanganate of potash, it has many other names such as chameleon mineral, Condy’s crystals and hypermangan. It was rediscovered by British chemist Henry Condy, who manufactured disinfectants known as ‘Condy’s crystals’, potassium permanganate became a big success. It has oxidizing properties, so it has found varied use in the medical and chemical industry. Its chemical formula is KMnO4.

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Various Applications & Sector

Potassium Permanganate

Potassium permanganate is widely used in the chemical industry and laboratories as a strong oxidizing agent, and also as a medication for dermatitis, for cleaning wounds, and general disinfection.

Food

Fruits and vegetables tend to rot and putrefy when stored under normal conditions after a certain period, depending on the heat and humidity. This physical change is attributed to the rapid buildup and evolution of Ethylene gas in the fruits and vegetables which accelerates the decaying process. This helps in maintaining the freshness of food products and extending the storage time. This application is a great boon to fruit and vegetable suppliers to maintain normal and cold chain deliveries to markets.

Wood and Handicrafts

Potassium/Sodium permanganate is used to treat wood used in the manufacture of Handicrafts and Furniture. The wood treated with Potassium/Sodium permanganate solution wears a dated and antique look which further adds value to the product. This treatment also ensures destruction of harmful mites and other insects which has made home in wood, used for such purposes.

Glass Industry

Potassium/Sodium permanganate is an important component used for various purposes in Glass manufacture. Due to its oxidizing property, Potassium/Sodium permanganate is used to oxidize metal impurities such as of Iron and Manganese which are solely responsible for imparting unwanted color in glass. Potassium/Sodium permanganate is also used to give purple tinge to glass products.

Air Purification

Rapid Industrialization, uncontrolled use of fossil fuels and rampant deforestation through the last century, has taken heavy toll on the quality of air we breathe. This situation has reached alarming proportions in some highly populated cities, which further has forced the authorities to take drastic steps to curtail further deterioration of air quality. Potassium / Sodium permanganate has a vital role to play here due to its ability to oxidize air borne impurities whether organic or inorganic. Potassium / Sodium permanganate is also effective in eliminating and controlling foul odor and odor causing chemicals which evolve from various chemical processes.

Poultry Farm & Hatcheries

The prevention and control of infections in Poultry farms and Hatcheries is fundamental to the Poultry Industry. Potassium/Sodium permanganate is a traditional and most extensively used disinfectant in Poultry Industry. The treatment involves process of pouring measured quantities of Formalin on Potassium/Sodium permanganate crystals to induce oxidation reaction thereby producing Formaldehyde Gas. The Formaldehyde Gas which is evolved is very toxic and lethal to almost all micro organisms, viruses and bacteria. The gas is allowed to spread and remain in the area to be disinfected, thereby, destroying potentially harmful and infectious organisms to make the place sterile and disease free.

Bulk drugs & Pharmaceuticals

Bulk drugs and pharmaceutical intermediates are manufactured through various chemical processes. The therapeutic aspect of any molecule present in the drug is determined by type of illness and the efficacy of the molecule to control and eliminate the illness. One of the chemical reactions involved in the manufacture of some types of drug intermediates constitute Oxidation process. Potassium/Sodium permanganate by virtue of its strong oxidizing power and cost efficiency is a preferred choice for such chemical processes.

Chemical Industry

Inorganic and Organic Chemical manufacturing processes involves various types of reaction. These reactions differ at various intermediate levels and are specific to the product intended to be manufactured. Potassium/Sodium permanganate is a strong oxidizer hence used in chemical reactions which involves oxidation process.

Graphene

Graphene is a 2 dimensional single layer of Carbon atoms bonded together by a hexagonal honeycomb lattice. Graphene is one atom thick and is the thinnest and lightest material so far invented by man. It is also the strongest known material with its strength in the excess to 200 times than steel. It is termed to be the best conductor of heat and electricity.

Repacking

Potassium / Sodium permanganate is a chemical compound which has numerous applications. Apart from its use in a variety of industries, Potassium / Sodium permanganate is also used in Educational Institutions, Analytical Laboratories, Research & Development, Hospitals, and also Household purposes.

Refineries

Crude oil which is extracted from oil wells all over the world contains complex compounds of sulphur and other odor causing substances in varied concentrations depending on the geography of a particular region. Refineries which process Crude oil to remove fractions of volatile hydrocarbons have to periodically remove these sulphur compounds as it hinders the production process by clogging pipelines

Textile / Denim

Potassium/Sodium permanganate is used in vast quantities in Denim bleaching and other natural textile bleaching. Due to its oxidizing power and ability to supply nascent oxygen for bleaching, it is used for a range of textile fabrics such as Cotton, Cotton-Polyester blend, Wool, Silk and Linen. The use of Potassium/Sodium permanganate as a bleaching agent minimizes the damage caused to the fabric, which further strengthens and extends the life of bleached fabrics.

Wastewater Treatment

Industrial effluents and Municipal wastewater are generated in colossal proportions near industrial towns and densely populated cities. Potassium/Sodium permanganate plays a major role in the treatment of effluents by oxidizing soluble metal and heavy metal impurities in to insoluble forms. Potassium/Sodium permanganate also oxidizes odor causing sulphides and mercaptans to simple elements. Potassium/Sodium permanganate neutralizes organic hydrocarbons and phenolic compounds to carbon dioxide and water, thus rendering effluent safe for disposal.

Potable Water treatment

Water is a life-giver in its purest form but has its own deficiency depending on its source and origin. Potable water is required to be free of color, odor, disease causing organisms, microbes, organic and inorganic impurities, metal and heavy metal impurities. The high oxidizing power of Potassium/Sodium permanganate also contributes to keeping a check on disease causing bacteria and other microbes in potable water.

Zinc Industry

Pure Zinc metal is an important product with wide ranging applications across various industrial sectors such as Steel, Power, Healthcare and Food. Potassium/Sodium permanganate is a vital ingredient which is used to remove Ferrous impurities in the process of manufacturing high purity Zinc Metal. Due to its high oxidizing power, process adaptability and cost efficiency, Potassium/Sodium permanganate is an irreplaceable component in Zinc metal manufacture.

Steel Industry

The manufacture of Special steel/ Stainless steel Wire Rods involves heat treatment, forging and casting. This results in formation of scales, smut and oxides on the surface of Wire Rods. These Wire Rods are dipped in a mixture of solution of Caustic Soda and Potassium/Sodium permanganate of predetermined compositions and temperature for a specific time. The Caustic-Permanganate treatment effectively removes the scales and smut and cleans the oxidized surface to produce a high quality finished product.

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Disclaimer : The dawnsci.com blogs and everything published on it is provided as an information resource only. The blog, its authors and affiliates accept no responsibility for any accident, injury or damage caused in part or directly from following the information provided on this website. We do not recommend using any chemical without first consulting the Material Safety Data Sheet which can be obtained from the manufacturer and following the safety advice and precautions on the product label. If you are in any doubt about health and safety issues, please consult the Health & Safety Executive (HSE).

Best Citric Acid & Application

What is Citric Acid?

We are mostly familiar with the elements of citric acid. It is found in citrus fruits (Such as oranges, Lemon, Grapefruits & limes). In another point of view, it is also recognized as 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid, which is a colorless, weak, organic acid.

In addition, Citric acid is neither a vitamin nor a mineral. It does not have dietary importance and should not be confused with vitamin C or ascorbic acid, which is also found in citrus fruits.

Citric acid is classified as a weak organic acid because it partially dissociates, or separates, when dissolved in a solvent, particularly water. The strength of an acid is measured not necessarily in terms of pH but on its dissociation in a solvent.

Various Applications of Citric Acid

Citric acid has a wide range of applications both in Industrial & Household. Citric Acid Anhydrous Reagent Grade is a high purity powder that is used for analytical purposes. It is chosen in research investigations since it is reliable and produces consistent, repeatable results. The difference between anhydrous and powder citric acid is the amount of water molecules present. Furthermore, Anhydrous citric acid is water free while the powder contains a single molecule of water. In applications where water will impede processes, anhydrous citric acid would be the best choice.

Moreover, Citric acid plays a wide role in cosmetic industries. It is commonly found in soaps, nail polishes, and facial cleansers. Many skin care formulations use citric acid due to its protective antioxidant properties and corrective anti-aging effects. The low pH of citric acid allows for exfoliation of the dead skin cells, thereby bringing new skin to the surface. Additionally, Citric acid is also an attractive choice in the cosmetics industry because it is safe and effective to use on the skin.

Last but not the list, there are also different grades of citric acid, 50%, 25%, and 10% solutions of citric acid. Based on the concentration, there are varying ratios of powdered citric acid dissolved in purified water.

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  • Best Antioxidant

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Best Citric Acid & Application

Citric acid is just like acid it also has chemical formula. Its average pH level for a given concentration, and its dissociation constant as Shown in diagram.

Mention diagrams illustrate that it has six atoms of carbon, eight atoms of hydrogen, and seven atoms of oxygen with a total molar mass of 192.12 g/mol. Moreover, Citric acid is classified as an alpha-hydroxy acid with a three-carbon skeleton. It has a hydroxyl group (OH) and three carboxylic acid groups (COOH). Structurally, three of its oxygen atoms are double bonded with carbon atoms while four of its oxygen atoms are bonded with hydrogen atoms.

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FAQ's

What is citric acid mainly used for?

Its acidic, sour-tasting nature, citric acid is predominantly used as a flavoring and preserving agent, especially in soft drinks and candies. It’s also used to stabilize or preserve medicines and as a disinfectant.

What are 3 uses for citric acid?

It can:
  • Preserve food. It is used to keep food fresh for longer periods. …
  • Preserve personal care products. It may keep cosmetics and other products fresh for longer.
  • Have protective effects in the body. Citric acid used in medicine can kill bacteria and lower the acid in urine.
  • Remove tough stains.

Is citric acid a vinegar?

The most significant difference between lemon juice and vinegar is the type of acid. Lemon juice is on average five to six percent citric acid. Vinegar, on the other hand, is comprised of acetic acid.

Is citric acid same as lemon juice?

The difference between citric acid and lemon juice is that citric acid is a concentrated acid compound, while lemon juice contains citric acid, water, vitamin C, and other molecules. Lemon juice also has nutritional value, but citric acid contains no nutrients and very few calories.

Which is stronger vinegar or citric acid?

Is citric acid stronger than vinegar? No, citric acid isn’t stronger than vinegar. The acetic acid in vinegar is a lot more aggressive and corrosive when it comes in contact with certain surfaces. But, there are many types of mineral deposits that citric acid can better deal with.

What is industrial citric acid?

Citric acid is a six-carbon tricarboxylic acid, which was first isolated from lemon juice. It is used in the food and beverage industry for various purposes as pharmaceuticals and for other industrial uses.

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